Tuesday, May 8, 2012

Fierce eruption of Mount Tambora 1815


Some of us would not know that Mount Tambora on record as the highest volcano in Indonesia. That was before the volcano erupted in April 1815 devastating.

When the summit of Mount Tambora reached a height of about 4,300 meters above sea level (asl). Compare with the highest land in Indonesia, namely Puncak Jayawijaya, Papua, the altitude about 3050 m above sea level.

After the great eruption of Tambora, the land at the top of it spewed out in all directions. As a result, the height of a volcano that was left by half, which is about 2851 m above sea level.

The eruption is so horrible it also left a huge caldera. In fact, according to records, the size of the caldera is most widespread in Indonesia. Imagine, the caldera has a diameter of about 7 km, a maximum length of 16 km and a depth of 1.5 km.

Today, the volcano which is administratively located in two counties; Dompu and Bima, West Nusa Tenggara province (NTB) were left miraculous story, not only in Indonesia but also impacts to the various parts of the world.

Very tense
The tragedy began in early April 1815. When the area around Mount Tambora began to vibrate. Vibration was intensified on 10 April 1815, at 19:00 local time. Since then up to five days, the explosion of Mount Tambora reached its climax.

At night, from a distance Tambora really lit a fire that continues to radiate because of the mountain peaks. The atmosphere was very tense. Mountain stream seemed to turn into a huge fire.

At the same time, the eruption was also spewing hot gas, ash, and rocks toward the bottom as far as 20 km down to the sea. Villages around Tambora was destroyed by pyroclastic flows engulfed them.



According to Firdaus Haris in his book titled Greatest Mysteries of Indonesia (2008), three small kingdoms burned and destroyed by the lava and the eruption of Mount Tambora material. The third kingdom is Concentrated within about 30 miles west of Tambora. Then, Empire Studio is 35 km east of Tambora, and the kingdom of Tambora is 25 km from the volcano.

Almost all residents in the three kingdoms were killed. Only two people survived. In fact, the kingdom's third location was already cultivated quite safe from the effects of volcanic eruptions.

The eruption of Mount Tambora also carry a very large landslide material into the sea. Avalanches that cause a tsunami on the beaches in Indonesia such as Bima, East Java and Maluku. Tsunami height was estimated at 4 meters.

Not only that, it also cast a powerful blast of volcanic ash up to West Java and South Sulawesi. Even the smell wafted up Nitric also to Batavia (now Jakarta). Heavy rain accompanied the fall of ash also occur.

According to geologists, the eruption was the largest natural disaster in history. Imagine, as compared with the eruption of Krakatoa which occurred in August 1883, the explosion of Mount Tambora more dahsat four times as much.

The eruption of Mount Tambora was heard up to the island of Sumatra, Makassar and Ternate as far as 2,600 km. Ashes were also flown as far as 1,300 km with an altitude of 44 km from the soil surface. Volume of dust is estimated at 400 km3.

Because of the thick dust flying in the sky, along the area with a radius of 600 km of the mountain is visible darkness for two days. Understandably, the sun could not penetrate the thick gray earlier.

Areas suffer most certainly near the location of Tambora. According to the Swiss botanist, Heinrich Zollinger, the eruption was instantly killed about 10,000 people.

After that, the number of deaths from starvation in Sumbawa reached 38,000 people and 10,000 people in Lombok. Another source said it had reduced the eruption of Sumbawa to the remaining population of only 85,000 people..


Number of Victims of Widespread
Not only that. The death toll also spread to the island of Bali, which reached 10,000 people. The next impact, as many as 49,000 people died from disease and starvation.

Why was there a prolonged famine? There are several reasons. First, all the plants on the island of Sumbawa when it is destroyed by a thick ash-covered and engulfed in flames.

Second, during the two weeks of heavy clouds still covered the areas around Mount Tambora, including Bali. Impact, many crops were destroyed and crop failures.
Third, the ash particles in the long term still in atmofer with altitude 10-30 km. As a result, the climate cycle becomes erratic and farmers could not harvest the crop cultivation.

Table Comparison of Impact World Volcano Eruption
Letusan
Tahun
Tinggi Kolom (km)
anomaly Musim Panas (°C)
Kematian
Mount Vesuvius
79
30
5
?
>2000
Taupo
186
51
7
?

Baekdu
969
25
6–7
?
?
Kuwae
1452
?
6
?0.5
?
Huaynaputina
1600
46
6
?0.8
?1400
Tambora
1815
43
7
?0.5
> 71,000
Krakatau
1883
25
6
?0.3
36,600
Santamaría
1902
34
6
no anomaly
7,000–13,000
Katmai
1912
32
6
?0.4
2
Mt. St. Helens
1980
19
5
no anomaly
57
El Chichón
1982
32
4–5
?
> 2,000
Nevado del Ruiz
1985
27
3
no anomaly
23,000
Pinatubo
1991
34
6
?0.5
1202

Sourse: Wikipedia



3 comments:

  1. Hola!!

    Mi blog ha sido nominado BLOG DEL AÑO 2012 con el premio DIAMANTE, paso a decirtelo para que compartas mi alegría.
    Con ternura
    Sor.Cecilia

    ReplyDelete
  2. Hola!! Te pido disculpa por no entrar ante en espacio, antes de nada gracias por tu visita pero mi mama ha estado bastante malita y creíamos que bueno……….. Ya esta en casa desde hace varios día a Dios gracias
    Mil gracias por tus bellas palabras por tu amistad por ser mi amigo
    Cuando pasa algo como lo que nos ha pasado uno valora y ve la vida y los amigos de otra manera
    Hoy estoy algo baja de ánimo pero en fin

    Feliz día un abrazo

    ReplyDelete
  3. Gracias por estar a mi lado.
    Sigue siendo interesantes tus entradas, por supuesto que desconocía ´
    todo lo referente al monte Tambora, da miedo pensar en los destrozos que hacen las erupciones de los volcanes.
    Gracias amigo
    con ternura
    Sor.Cecilia

    ReplyDelete